Lenders use credit scores to gauge whether an applicant has the ability to repay debt in a timely manner. Banks consider borrowers with low credit scores to be high-risk customers because loans that default have to repaid by the government. This results in losses for the bank.
A payment history, outstanding loans, and any other owed money are among the criteria used by the national credit bureaus to calculate credit scores. Equifax, TransUnion and Experian compile these statistics into a score that ranges between the mid-300s and the mid-800s. The lower the score, the worse a borrower’s repayment history is considered to be, according to Investopedia.
Nationally, the average American with a credit card had $174,447 in mortgage loan debt, $15,186 in auto loan debt, and $7,694 in credit card debt, according to the San Francisco Business Times. Debt has a direct impact on an individual’s credit score, and additional points can be taken off depending on how late payments are made.
Credit scores across the country are down two points since the start of 2010. Massachusetts, New Jersey, and California have the highest credit score averages, hovering around 685. Arkansas has the lowest average at 640, the Business Times notes. With a score below 600, it’s nearly impossible to receive acceptance for a large loan, including a mortgage.
The average credit score of a borrower who had been approved for a Federal Housing Administration (FHA) loan in 2006 was 665, according to Quality Mortgage Services, a real estate services firm. This year, the score of an FHA borrower considered excellent has been around 707, evidence that lenders are tightening their standards.
There are a number of ways consumers can look to manage their credit scores, but first, it’s important for individuals to understand what affects a payment history. Credit card and loan debt can knock points off of a score, but there are a number of things that have no effect.
Employers may list income on a credit report, but this doesn’t factor into a credit score. Individuals looking to borrow won’t be denied a loan due to a low or high salary. However, failing to make payments on an approved loan can hurt a credit score, Investopedia notes.
Utility and insurance companies take credit scores into consideration when an individual signs up for their services, but they don’t necessarily report payments to credit agencies. Individuals who are consistently delinquency on payments, however, may have their accounts sent to debt collection agencies. In this case, the debt could be reported to a credit bureau.
Similar to insurance and utility companies, a rent payment history doesn’t yet affect the credit scores of those who live in apartments. However, consistently missing housing payments can cause a drop in a person’s credit score, Investopedia warns.
Credit counseling and requesting credit reports are valuable tools that don’t hurt a payment history in the long run as well. Consumers who keep track of their personal finances and manage minimum payments on their debt have a greater chance of maintaining a strong credit history.